{"id":177,"date":"2021-10-01T21:46:02","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T21:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quera.ir\/blog\/?p=177"},"modified":"2021-12-11T11:45:46","modified_gmt":"2021-12-11T11:45:46","slug":"the-oldest-u-s-tech-companies-and-their-unusual-histories","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/the-oldest-u-s-tech-companies-and-their-unusual-histories\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0646\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/the-oldest-u-s-tech-companies-and-their-unusual-histories\/#General_Electric\" >General Electric<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/the-oldest-u-s-tech-companies-and-their-unusual-histories\/#IBM\" >IBM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/the-oldest-u-s-tech-companies-and-their-unusual-histories\/#Texas_Instruments\" >Texas Instruments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/the-oldest-u-s-tech-companies-and-their-unusual-histories\/#DirecTV_HughesNet\" >DirecTV &amp; HughesNet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/the-oldest-u-s-tech-companies-and-their-unusual-histories\/#Hewlett-Packard_%DB%8C%D8%A7_HP\" >Hewlett-Packard \u06cc\u0627 HP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Electric\"><\/span><strong>General Electric<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u200c\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1890\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0648 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0647 70 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1882\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0643\u06cc \u0643\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/quera.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/GE.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/GE.webp 640w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/GE-300x177.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 125 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c GE \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. GE Healthcare \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IBM\"><\/span><strong>IBM<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">IBM \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645 (\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc Tabulating\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc Time Recording \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a Computing Scale) \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1924\u060c IBM \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0646\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a (International Business Machines Corporation) \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/quera.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IBM.jpeg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IBM.jpeg 700w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IBM-300x236.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1935\u060c IBM \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 26 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0631 (\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627) \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 IBM \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645\u060c IBM \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0628\u200c\u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 IBM \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f)\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646 IBM \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0648\u200c\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/quera.ir\/blog\/the-story-of-visual-basic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u061b \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Texas_Instruments\"><\/span><strong>Texas Instruments<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0631\u200c\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1930\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0622\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0698\u0626\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0698\u0626\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reflection_seismology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reflection Seismography<\/a>) \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0630\u062e\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0647 40 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/quera.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/TI.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/TI.jpg 533w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/TI-300x235.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1946\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f GSI \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1951\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 Texas Instruments \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f. TI \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">Texas Instruments \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u062f\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DirecTV_HughesNet\"><\/span><strong>DirecTV &amp; HughesNet<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1932\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hughes_H-4_Hercules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">H-4 Hercules<\/a>&nbsp;\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0647 Spruce Goose \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a. \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0650 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/quera.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/spruce-goose-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"Spruce Goose\" class=\"wp-image-181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/spruce-goose-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/spruce-goose-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/spruce-goose-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/spruce-goose.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Spruce Goose<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0698\u0626\u0648\u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1963 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1985\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc 80 \u0648 90\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1994\u060c DirecTV \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2000\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2003\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 DirecTV Group \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 DirecTV \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 20 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc Hughes \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627 Hughes Network Systems \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc HughesNet \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2011 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 EchoStar \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hewlett-Packard_%DB%8C%D8%A7_HP\"><\/span><strong>Hewlett-Packard \u06cc\u0627 HP<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u200c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0698 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1938\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u062a\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0698 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0642 \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/quera.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/HP.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/HP.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/HP-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14.5px\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 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HP \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0644\u067e\u200c\u062a\u0627\u067e\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c HP \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-living-room-employer","category-employer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1312,"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions\/1312"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}