{"id":48374,"date":"2025-05-04T05:38:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-04T02:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/?p=48374"},"modified":"2025-05-11T10:57:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-11T07:27:54","slug":"function-in-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/function-in-python\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a! \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 Python\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/python-explained\/\">\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/function-in-python\/#%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87\" >\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/function-in-python\/#%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\" >\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/function-in-python\/#%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\" >\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/function-in-python\/#%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\" >\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/function-in-python\/#%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1\" >\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/function-in-python\/#%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84\" >\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87\"><\/span>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/college\/landpage\/python\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (Function) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc def \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...):\n    \"\"\"\n    \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.\n    \"\"\"\n    # \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\n    result = some_operation(parameter1, parameter2)\n    return result<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u06a9\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2-1024x414.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\" class=\"wp-image-48378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2-1024x414.png 1024w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2-768x311.png 768w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2.png 1134w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def greet(name):\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return f\"\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 {name}!\"\n\nprint(greet(\"\u0639\u0644\u06cc\"))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 greet \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 name \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\" class=\"wp-image-48375\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image.png 624w, https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u00ab\u0645\u062a\u062f\u00bb (method) \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 (object) \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.upper())&nbsp; # \u0645\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 upper()\u200e \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc text \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 print()\u200e \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 <a href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/blog\/python-installation-tutorial\/\">\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f1. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>print()\u200e: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>len()\u200e: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>type()\u200e: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">print(len(\"Hello\"))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f2. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def add(a, b):\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return a + b\n\nprint(add(3, 5))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f3. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def factorial(n):\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if n == 0 or n == 1:\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return 1\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else:\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return n * factorial(n-1)\n\nprint(factorial(5))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 120<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 factorial \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (0 \u06cc\u0627 1) \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">4. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 def\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc lambda \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">square = lambda x: x * x\n\nprint(square(4))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 16<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">5. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 *args\u200e\u200e \u06cc\u0627 **kwargs \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>*args\u200e: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>**kwargs: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def greet(*names):\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for name in names:\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print(f\"\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 {name}!\")\n\ngreet(\"\u0639\u0644\u06cc\", \"\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\", \"\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0645\")&nbsp;\n\n# \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:\n\n# \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u06cc!\n\n# \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646!\n\n# \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0645!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">6.  \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 (Function Closures)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0698\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def outer():\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x = 10\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def inner():\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return x\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return inner\n\nclosure = outer()\n\nprint(closure())&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 inner \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 x \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f1. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 print \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 print()\u200e \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">print(\"\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0631\u0627!\")&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0631\u0627!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">2. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 len<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 len()\u200e \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 &#8230;) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(len(items))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f3. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 type \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 type()\u200e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06af \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">print(type(5))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: &lt;class 'int'&gt;\n\nprint(type(\"Hello\"))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: &lt;class 'str'&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f4. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 input<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 input()\u200e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 (string) \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">name = input(\"\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: \")\n\nprint(f\"\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 {name}!\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f5. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 sum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 sum()\u200e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 iterable \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644) \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nprint(sum(numbers))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f6. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 max \u0648 min<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 max()\u200e \u0648 min()\u200e \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 5\n\nprint(min(numbers))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f7. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 sorted<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 sorted()\u200e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a) \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">numbers = [5, 3, 8, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f8. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 range<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 range()\u200e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc for \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">for i in range(1, 6):\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print(i)\n\n\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:\n\n1\n\n2\n\n3\n\n4\n\n5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u06f9. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 zip<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 zip()\u200e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">names = [\"Ali\", \"Hassan\", \"Mina\"]\nscores = [85, 90, 88]\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">Ali: 85\nHassan: 90\nMina: 88<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">10. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 map \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 ()map \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nsquared_numbers = map(lambda x: x**2, numbers)\n\nprint(list(squared_numbers))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">11. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 filter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 filter()\u200e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 map()\u200e \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647&nbsp;\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\neven_numbers = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(even_numbers))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: [2, 4]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">12. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 abs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 abs()\u200e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">print(abs(-5))&nbsp; # \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc: 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong> \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 python<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/quera.org\/college\/landpage\/python\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84\"><\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1746328599548\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1746328610071\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc def \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<br\/><br\/><\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1746328626636\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1746328697436\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 map \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 map \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1746328714635\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0698\u0631\u0647\u0627 (closures) \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":48379,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,64,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-developer","category-python","category-basics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 - \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0631\u0627\u200c\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u062f\u0631 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